Analytical Instrument-Making

ANALYTICAL ELECTRON, EQUIPMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES CRYOPREPARATION AND BIOTECHNOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT

1. Scanning (transmission) electron microscope with X-ray, Auge et al., microanalyzers at heightened resolution for conduction of the structure-spectral ultramicroanalisis of the preparation.

• Resolving power instrument in the mode of microscopy and spectroscopy at high resolution — considerably increase.
• Signal recording sensitivity — increase above one order.
• Signal recording informativity — considerably increase.
• Instrument completed — embedded miniultramicrotome for layer-by-layer stripping directly in scanning electron microscope and study of the section surface of a massive biological preparation.
• Instrument completed — goniometric subject stage with program orientation of the preparation.

2. Plant of biological samples cryopreparation for biological preparations prepare at heightened level nativity.

• Preparation sample — in the strict prescribed mode.
• Level nativity preparation — keeping on a molecular-atomic level the fine structure and chemical composition of the nucleus genome and cell matrix of a living biological organizm by a certain moment of vital activity process.

3. Plant of native biological preparations cloning and reanimation.

• Cloning (reanimation) preparation — program changing the reanimation chamber gas medium parameters in the strict prescribed mode.
• Conduction — on a molecular-atomic level the possible cloning (reanimation) stages of native biological preparation.

Equipment intended for conduction of the structure-spectral ultramicroanalisis of the preparation and employment in the Biotechnology (Arm Biotechnology).

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Equipment of high-resolution electron microscopy and spectroscopy with enclosed methodology for Research Centers and Universities, working in the investigation field of subcellular structures functioning mechanisms in cellular interaction, in particular of gene

ASPECTS DEVELOPMENT OF THE UP-TO-DATE ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AND SPECTROSCOPY AT HIGH RESOLUTION. NEW GENERATION OF HIGH-RESOLUTION ELECTRON MICROSCOPES WITH SPECTROMETERS, ATTENDANT EQUIPMENT AND METHODOLOGY

The work is related to fundamental investigation on priority directions of the development up-to-date electron microscopy and spectroscopy at high resolution as applied to Biology (Medicine), Crystallography and Physics of Semiconductors and will be introduced contribution to the development and creation New Materials, Biological Systems and Semiconductor Devices.

a. Scanning (transmission) electron microscope with spectrometers (X-ray, Auge et al.) at heightened resolution, which provides high sensitivity of signal recording (Category of Recording Mode or Discovery) above one order in the interaction result of electron probe with the specimen in the mode of microscopy and spectroscopy at high resolution. Electron microscope with spectrometers additionally provides shaping and recording of a wide spectrum interaction of electron probe (wave) with fine structure and chemical composition of the specimen.

The presented development is considered in the light of new theoretical aspects of electron microscopy and spectroscopy at high resolution and physical basic of electron-microscopic image shaping of both periodic (crystal structures), and nonperiodic (separate molecules and atoms) objects, and influence of different factors on its resolution. Resolving power increase of electron microscope with spectrometers traditionally is solved path decrease of spot diameter, with concurrent increase of electron probe current density by means of employment of costly cathodes from hexaboronide lanthanum or field-emission cathodes. However increase of electron probe current density results in superheating and destruction of the specimens, particularly biological ones. In the proposed development the electron probe spot diameter is reduced, with concurrent considerable increase of signal recording sensitivity without increase of electron probe current density. Additionally increase of signal recording informativity generally is realized by means of signal processing, that is low informative. The proposed changing in a wide range the interaction nature of electron probe with the fine structure and chemical composition of the specimen, results in shaping of a wide spectrum interaction.

b. Plant of biological samples cryopreparation for biological preparations prepare at heightened level nativity with methodology, covering the complete cycle of cryopreparation. The plant allows keeping on a molecular-atomic level in the lyophilized sample the native state of fine structure and chemical composition of the nucleus genome and cell matrix of a living biological organism by a certain moment of vital activity process.

Time – a sequential process of physical system static states transformation under the influence of transformation energy. As distinct from the dynamic state of the system, which stays in the “past” time interval, its static state by a certain moment is transferred to the “future”, where it maybe transform under the influence of transformation energy. Conversion of the system from the dynamic state to the static one and reverse is performed by means of instant extract or inject of the transformation energy. In the case of living biological organism, the main type of the biological system transformation energy is heat. The natural stay medium of a living biological organism is water, which has a wide spectrum of alternative energy sources. The cell of a living biological organism is an organized on a qualitatively high level the element-structural substance with working by a closed cycle the high-economical and powerful energetics, very sensitive to the influences and actively transforming under the influence of transformation energy. Thereat is provided high operativeness of transmission and realization of genofund information. Rapid freezing and subsequent drying (with orwithout substitution) under the low temperature applied in the biological samples cryopreparation is the only method, which allows keeping on a molecular-atomic level in the lyophilized sample the native state of fine structure and chemical composition of the nucleus genome and cell matrix of a living biological organism by a certain moment of vital activity process. This is a necessary condition for application of chemical ultramicroanalysis up-to-date fine methods, like X-ray or Auge, laser spectral and mass-spectrometric analysis, immunocytochemistry et al. The existing plants of cryopreparation are expensive, use high-vacuum equipment and require continuous correction of processing mode within a week. The proposed plant of biological samples cryopreparation is performed without exhaust systems and provides with natural way (without processing mode correction) the necessary strict processing mode without considerable expenditure within unlimited time.

c. Plant of native biological preparations cloning and reanimation for conduction on a molecular-atomic level the possible cloning (reanimation) stages of the lyophilized native fine structure of the nucleus genome and cell matrix of a living biological organism by a certain moment of vital activity process.

Keeping on a molecular-atomic level in the lyophilized sample the native state of fine structure and chemical composition of the nucleus genome and cell matrix of a living biological organism by a certain moment of vital activity process by means of employment of equipment (par. b) and provision of the changing program corresponding strict mode of reanimation chamber gas medium parameters, allows conduction the possible cloning (reanimation) stages of the lyophilized sample by means of application of the molecular-atomic gene engineering elements. The proposed plant of native biological preparations cloning and reanimation allows program changing the reanimation chamber gas medium parameters in the strict prescribed mode.

d. Miniultramicrotome for layer-by-layer stripping directly in scanning electron microscope with spectrometers at high resolution and study of the lyophilized matrix section surface of a massive biological preparation.

e. Program-controlled goniometric subject stage of scanning (transmission) electron microscope with spectrometers at high resolution, which is characterized at heightened precision and operativeness of the preparation positioning.

Employment of the above equipment with the enclosed methodology will allow introduce considerable contribution to the study on a molecular-atomic level of subcellular structures functioning fine mechanisms in cellular interaction. The equipment complex is developed, produced and approbed under laboratory-scale. Experiments are carried out and results are obtained, corroborating the theoretical propositions of the methodology. Production of the industrial pattern equipment requires corresponding production-scale. Employment of the proposed laboratory equipment for high-resolution electron microscopy and spectroscopy with enclosed methodology and financing of investigation works is possible on the up-to-date theoretical and experimental-industrial basis of Research Center or University, working in the investigation field of subcellular structures functioning mechanisms in cellular interaction, particularly of gene.

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Selection of up-to-date model with high and stable output parameters (selection of basis model). Modernization of the basis model under production-scale of the manufacturer company. Investigation of the new model at an Institute of Crystallography. Development of an addition to the contrast shaping theory in electron microscopy and spectroscopy at high resolution (optical principles X-ray diffraction).

Production of a biological samples cryopreparation plant and preparations prepare at a biological laboratory of high-resolution electron microscopy and spectroscopy. Expert appraisal of the attained level preparations nativity.

Production of a native biological preparations cloning and reanimation plant at a cloning biological laboratory. Creation of the programs changing reanimation chamber gas medium parameters, conduction of the cloning and reanimation of native biological preparations. Expert appraisal of the realizability cloning and reanimation stages.

Employment of the new model to the determination surface recombination velocity, lifetime and diffusion length of minority carriers in n-p junctions of semiconductor devices at a laboratory physics of semiconductors.

It may be interesting to create a small-size ultra-modern Institute of Crystallography AS of Armenia, equipped with unique industrial pattern equipment, on the territory of Armenia (in the slope of mount Aragats, not far from the Residence of the Catholicos of All Armenians).

The structure of the Institute of Crystallography AS of Armenia.

• Administrative Department.
• Communications Department.
• Information Department.
• Laboratory of High-Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy and Spectroscopy.
• Laboratory of High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy and Spectroscopy.
• Laboratory of High-Resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy and Auge-Spectroscopy.
• Laboratory of Cryopreparation.
• Laboratory of Cloning and Reanimation.
• Bank of Bio-Matrices.
• Database.
• Mathematical Modeling Department.

The basic differences of the new model.

• Considerable increase of resolving power instrument in the mode of microscopy and spectroscopy at high resolution.
• Increase of signal recording sensitivity — above one order.
• Considerable increase of signal recording informativity — shaping of a wide interaction spectrum.
• Layer-by-layer study of a massive biological preparation.
• Program orientation of the preparation.

Cell in a living biological organism — is a dynamic system, which has of absolute informativity on the element-structural and functional basis.

Cell in a native biological preparation — is a static system, which has of maximum informativity on the element-structural basis.

The system of mutually connected sequential static states — has maximum informativity on the element-structural and functional basis.

Maximum informativity of the static system on the element-structural basis — is a requisite condition for successful conduction of cloning (reanimation) of the static system.

Strict normalized program changing reanimation chamber gas medium parameters — is a sufficient condition for successful conduction of cloning (reanimation) of the static system.